What is Hajj? Understanding Islam’s sacred pilgrimage and its key rituals

Hajj, one of the most important religious pilgrimages in Islam, takes place over five days during the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah, with the main rituals occurring between the 8th and 13th days of the month. It is performed by millions of Muslims every year from all around, who travel to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia.

The pilgrimage honours the trials and sacrifices of Prophet Ibrahim (AS), his son Ismail (AS), and Hajar, while retracing their acts of faith, devotion, and complete submission to Allah. Considered the fifth and final pillar of Islam, Hajj is an obligatory duty for every Muslim to perform at least once in their lifetime, only if the person is physically, emotionally and financially stable.

In 2026, over 1.5 million gathered in Saudi Arabia to embark on the pilgrimage, which began on Monday, May 25 and will continue till Saturday, May 30.
What Happens During Hajj?

The Hajj consists of seven obligatory stages, which begin with pilgrims entering a spiritual state called Ihram. Men usually wear two unstitched white clothes, while women dress modestly. Muslims recite the Talbiyah prayer immediately upon entering the state of Ihram.

Pilgrims then perform Tawaf, where they walk around the Ka’aba, the cube-shaped holy structure at the centre of Mecca’s Masjid al-Haram, seven times while reciting prayers.

Another important ritual is Sa’i, where pilgrims walk between the hills of Safa and Marwa. Then, they move to Mina and then gather at Arafat, where they spend hours praying and seeking forgiveness.

After leaving Arafat, they spent a night under the open sky in Muzdalifah, where they spent the night worshipping. Pilgrims then proceed calmly to Jamarat al-Aqabah al-Kubra after sunrise, where they throw seven stones.

They then mark Eid al-Adha, also known as the Festival of Sacrifice.

Before ending the pilgrimage, they perform Tawaf (Tawaf al-Ifadah), walking counterclockwise around the Ka’aba and conclude their journey with the Farewell Tawaf (Tawaf al-Wida), circling the Ka’aba seven times one last time to bid farewell to the Holy Mosque.

Why Is Hajj One of the World’s Largest Religious Gatherings?

Hajj is a deeply spiritual journey for Muslims. It is seen as a chance to seek forgiveness, strengthen faith and feel connected with millions of Muslims from different backgrounds who come together in unity, equality, and devotion to God.

Also Read: Hajj 2026 heat safety tips: Saudi authorities warn pilgrims as Arafat temperatures near 46°C